HTML Questions
1. What is HTML?
Answer: HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to create and design web pages, consisting of elements that structure content.
2. What are HTML tags?
Answer: HTML tags are the building blocks of HTML. They are used to define elements on a web page and typically come in pairs: an opening tag <tagname> and a closing tag </tagname>.
3. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?
Answer: XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) is a stricter version of HTML that follows XML rules. Every tag must be properly nested and closed, while HTML is more lenient with syntax.
4. What are void elements in HTML?
Answer: Void elements are HTML tags that do not require a closing tag, such as <img>, <br>, and <hr>. They represent content that does not have any child elements.
5. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?
Answer: You can create a hyperlink using the <a> tag:
<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>6. What are semantic elements in HTML?
Answer: Semantic elements provide meaning to the web page structure, such as <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <section>. They improve accessibility and SEO.
7. How do you insert an image in HTML?
Answer: You can insert an image using the <img> tag:
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of image">8. What is the purpose of the alt attribute in images?
Answer: The alt attribute provides alternative text for an image if it cannot be displayed. It improves accessibility for visually impaired users and helps with SEO.
9. What are the different types of lists in HTML?
Answer: There are three types of lists:
Ordered List (<ol>): Displays items in a numbered format.
Unordered List (<ul>): Displays items with bullet points.
Definition List (<dl>): Contains terms and their definitions.
10. What is the purpose of the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration?
Answer: The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines the document type and version of HTML being used, ensuring that browsers render the page correctly.
CSS Questions
11. What is CSS?
Answer: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML, including layout, colors, fonts, and spacing.
12. How do you apply CSS styles to an HTML document?
Answer: CSS can be applied in three ways:
Inline CSS: Using the style attribute within an HTML element.
Internal CSS: Using a <style> tag within the <head> section.
External CSS: Linking to an external stylesheet using the <link> tag.
13. What are selectors in CSS?
Answer: Selectors are patterns used to select elements to apply styles. Common selectors include element selectors (e.g., div), class selectors (e.g., .classname), and ID selectors (e.g., #idname).
14. What is the box model in CSS?
Answer: The box model describes how elements are structured on a web page, consisting of margins, borders, padding, and the actual content area. It defines how space is allocated around elements.
15. What is Flexbox in CSS?
Answer: Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a layout model that allows responsive design by enabling items within a container to be aligned and distributed efficiently, even when their size is unknown or dynamic.
16. How do you center an element horizontally using CSS?
Answer: To center an element horizontally, you can set its margin to auto:
.element {
width: 50%;
margin: 0 auto;
}17. What is the difference between padding and margin?
Answer:
Padding: Space between the content and its border; it increases the size of an element.
Margin: Space outside an element's border; it creates distance between elements without affecting their size.
18. What are media queries in CSS?
Answer: Media queries are used to apply different styles based on device characteristics like screen size or resolution, allowing for responsive design:
@media (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}19. How do you create a responsive layout using CSS?
Answer: A responsive layout can be created using flexible grids, percentages instead of fixed units, media queries, and frameworks like Bootstrap.
20. What is specificity in CSS?
Answer: Specificity determines which CSS rule applies when multiple rules could apply to the same element. It is calculated based on the types of selectors used (inline styles > IDs > classes > elements).
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