What is cyber security?

● Cyber security is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

 

What are the three main goals of cyber security?

● Confidentiality: Ensuring that information remains private and accessible only to authorized individuals. ● Integrity: Protecting data from unauthorized modification or corruption.

● Availability: Ensuring that systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed. Network Security

 

What is a firewall, and how does it work?

● A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It acts as a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, filtering traffic based on predefined rules.

 

What is a VPN, and how does it work?

● A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates a secure, encrypted connection between a device and a network. It allows users to access private networks remotely and securely, often bypassing geographic restrictions.

 

What is a DDoS attack, and how can it be mitigated?

● A DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack is an attempt to overload a network or server with traffic, making it inaccessible to legitimate users. It can be mitigated through various techniques, such as rate limiting, traffic filtering, and using DDoS protection services.

 

What is SQL injection, and how can it be prevented?

● SQL injection is a type of attack where malicious SQL code is injected into a web application to manipulate or compromise the database. It can be prevented through input validation, parameterized queries, and using prepared statements.

 

What is cross-site scripting (XSS), and how can it be prevented?

● XSS is a type of attack where malicious code is injected into a web page to be executed by other users. It can be prevented through input validation, output encoding, and using content security policies. Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing What is the difference between ethical hacking and penetration testing? ● While both involve identifying vulnerabilities in systems, ethical hacking is a broader term that encompasses various techniques and methodologies to assess security. Penetration testing is a specific type of ethical hacking that focuses on simulating attacks to identify exploitable vulnerabilities.

 

What is the purpose of vulnerability scanning?

● Vulnerability scanning is the process of identifying weaknesses in systems and applications. It helps organizations prioritize security efforts and address potential threats.

 

What are the key security challenges in cloud computing?

● Data privacy, data sovereignty, shared responsibility model, and potential for data breaches are some of the key security challenges in cloud computing.

 

What is a security audit, and why is it important?

● A security audit is a formal evaluation of an organization's security practices and controls. It helps identify weaknesses, assess compliance, and improve overall security posture.

 

What are some of the best practices for password security?

● Using strong, unique passwords, enabling multi-factor authentication, regularly changing passwords, and avoiding password reuse are some of the best practices for password security.

 

What is a risk assessment, and why is it important?

● A risk assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating potential threats to an organization's security. It helps prioritize security efforts and allocate resources effectively.

 

What is a security incident response plan (SIRP), and what are its key components?

● A SIRP outlines the steps an organization should take to respond to a security incident. Key components include incident identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned.

 

What are some common cyber security compliance frameworks, and why are they important?

● Some common frameworks include ISO 27001, NIST Cybersecurity Framework, HIPAA, and GDPR. These frameworks provide guidelines and standards to help organizations implement effective security measures and demonstrate compliance with regulations.

 

What is the Internet of Things (IoT), and what are the security challenges associated with it?

● IoT refers to the interconnectedness of devices with the internet. Security challenges include device vulnerabilities, lack of security standards, and potential for large-scale attacks.

 

What is artificial intelligence (AI), and how can it be used to enhance cyber security?

● AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines. It can be used for tasks like threat detection, anomaly detection, and automated incident response.

 

What is blockchain, and how does it impact cyber security?

● Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that provides a secure and transparent way to record transactions. It can enhance data integrity and tamper-proofness.

 

What are some common cyber security tools and technologies that you are familiar with? ● Examples include intrusion detection systems (IDS), intrusion prevention systems (IPS), endpoint protection platforms (EPP), SIEM, and vulnerability scanners.

 

What programming languages or scripting languages are useful for cyber security professionals?

● Python, Perl, and Bash are commonly used for automation, scripting, and security-related tasks.

 

Describe your experience with specific cyber security certifications (e.g., CISSP, CISM, CEH).

● If applicable, discuss your certifications and how they have benefited your career.

 

What is a shared responsibility model in cloud computing, and how does it impact security?

● The shared responsibility model defines the security obligations between a cloud service provider and its customers. It outlines the responsibilities of each party in ensuring the security of cloud-based systems.

 

What are the key security considerations when migrating to the cloud?

● Key considerations include data privacy, compliance, data sovereignty, access controls, and incident response planning.

 

What are the specific security challenges associated with mobile devices?

● Mobile devices face challenges like smaller screens, limited resources, and the potential for malware, phishing attacks, and data loss.

 

What is mobile device management (MDM), and how can it be used to improve mobile security?

● MDM is a set of tools and processes used to manage and secure mobile devices within an organization. It can help enforce policies, remotely wipe data, and track device usage.

 

What is an insider threat, and why are they particularly difficult to detect?

● Insider threats are threats posed by individuals within an organization who have authorized access. They can be difficult to detect due to their familiarity with systems and procedures.

 

How can organizations mitigate the risk of insider threats?

● Organizations can mitigate insider threats through measures like access controls, monitoring, employee awareness training, and incident response planning.

 

What are some key physical security measures that should be implemented to protect IT infrastructure?

● Physical security measures include access controls, surveillance, environmental monitoring, physical barriers, and emergency response plans.

 

What is quantum computing, and how could it pose a threat to current encryption methods?

● Quantum computing is a type of computing that leverages quantum mechanics to perform calculations faster than classical computers. It could potentially break current encryption algorithms, requiring new cryptographic methods.

What are the security implications of artificial intelligence and machine learning?

● AI and ML can be used for both offensive and defensive purposes in cyber security. While they can enhance threat detection and response, they can also be exploited for malicious activities.